• use three different meanings for subtraction:
  
  - Taking away with a subtraction ring.
  - Comparing or matching and counting the left-overs.
  - Counting or adding on. .

Activity

Different learning tasks can be set up in a math learning center for practices for each way

Taking away : Provide counters and a subtraction ring. (The child can use modelling clay to draw a ring around the number of objects to be taken away.) Provide a worksheet with subtraction equations to accompany these manipulatives.

Comparing: Provide counters (or any objects which may be theme-related eg. apples, dinosaurs, penguins etc.) and plastic straws to use any matching lines. Provide a worksheet with subtraction equations to accompany these manipulatives.

Adding/Counting on: Provide counters and a container. Student can drop a counter into the container as s/he counts on. Student will count the counters in the container and write the numeral on an accompanying worksheet.

Assessment:

Observe the students as they use the manipulatives to assess their level of understanding. Evaluate all worsheets.